Author: Mihai HACHI, Stela LEONTI
Abstract:Migration is an important component of the development of the Republic of Moldova at the current stage. The economic and social instability that followed after obtaining political independence in 1991, the inefficiency of reforms in several socio-economic fields, the institutional uncertainty led the population to migrate, this being a strategy to adapt it to the created conjuncture situation. The increase in intensity migration was also influenced by the processes of liberalization of entry and exit procedures from the territory of the Republic of Moldova. Currently, our country represents one of the countries in the world with the largest shares of the migrant working population, as well as the share of remittances in GDP, the effects of migration being felt in all areas of social-economic life in the country. Concern for the support of migrants over time has materialized through the creation of governmental structures with the aim of monitoring and launching various strategies, programs, projects addressed to citizens outside the country's borders. Ensuring the reintegration of returned migrants, after a migratory experience of work or life abroad, is of great importance both for citizens and for the state authorities that have the duty to support emigrant citizens regardless of their options to return or settle in the adoptive country. Through this scientific approach, the authors propose to analyze the effectiveness of the tools used by the institutional, banking and social systems in harnessing on the potential of migrants, as well as the extent to which they are known, meet the expectations of citizens in the process of return and reintegration, their accessibility, transparency and efficiency. A sustainable socio-economic development of the Republic of Moldova, in the context of clear aspirations for European integration, will create opportunities for citizens wishing to return, work and live in the country.
Keywords: return migration, development potential of migrants, integration of migrants, PARE 1+1, PARE 1+2, migrant entrepreneurs.
UDC: 314.743:338(478)
JEL Code: J01, J61
Pages: 6 - 20 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.01
Authors: Magdalena PROCZEK, Marta GARBARCZYK
Abstract: Today's global challenges are characterized by increasing complexity. This makes it possible to call these challenges so-called wicked problems, which are difficult to define clearly, have no single solution and require the involvement of multiple stakeholders for its purpose. Such complication can include a group of contemporary migration and refugee problems, which include dilemma of adaptation and integration of immigrants, or social conflicts between locals and newcomers, etc. The Design Thinking (DT) method, which is recipient- and user-oriented solution, can be used to try to solve these issues. Importantly, the beneficiaries themselves can also be involved. The purpose of this study is to present the essence of wicked problems, as well as the DT method as a tool for solving contemporary problems, including migration and refugees. The study fills the research gap on presenting a proposal for a tool in the form of the Design Thinking method for solving contemporary wicked problems, including in the setting of migrants and refugees, using the results of the ALIEN project as an example. A synthetic review of the literature on wicked problems was also conducted. The study used a qualitative method in the form of logical inference, as well as a review of the literature on the subject, studies, and reports. By addressing this issue, the authors intended to expand the existing body of global analysis in this area. As demonstrated in this paper, the DT method has been successfully used to solve wicked problems among migrants and refugees in Norway as well as Ethiopia, Senegal, USA, Colombia, Australia, France, Germany, Greece, Jordan and Iraq. International research teams, including the ALIEN project team, are seeking effective solutions to wicked problems accompanying migration and refugee processes. This empirical study discusses the application of this method to solving wicked problems surrounding migrants and refugees, especially their solution proposals developed within the ERASMUS+ ALIEN Strategic Partnerships project. The authors believe that they could be successfully used today on a large scale.
Keywords: wicked problems, migration, refugee, Design Thinking, UNHCR
UDC: [314.74:341.43]:327.58
JEL Code: F22, J61, F53, I23, O31
Pages: 21 - 31 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.02
Author: Monica ROMAN, Vlad I. ROȘCA, Elena-Maria PRADA, Ioana MANAFI
Abstract: Using an exploratory research, this paper aims to gain in depth information on Moldovan migrants in Romania across different generations. It focuses on changes in migrants' aspirations over time and how historical context influences coping strategies. The study compares behavior and experiences of earlier Post-Socialist migrants (pioneer migrants) with recent young migrants in Iasi and Bucharest. Results indicate evolving aspirations and reduced integration barriers, with recent migrants benefiting from technological progress and easier access to Romanian citizenship, facilitating faster integration.
Keywords: international migration, aspirations, integration strategies, Moldova, Romania, post-soviet countries, comparative analysis.
UDC: 314.745.4(478+498)
JEL Code: J15, J61, K37, R32, H75
Pages: 32 - 47 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.03
Authors: Anatoli BUZEV
Abstract: The refugee crisis in Ukraine generated by the intensity of military actions has highlighted the vulnerabilities faced by state institutions, affected by the large number of foreigners who have sought refuge on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. Both the Member States of the European Union and the Republic of Moldova have seen the security gaps that persist and must be removed. Change is a difficult and time-consuming process, and in the event of a massive influx of foreigners, it requires prompt and effective interventions. Actions in the management of the crisis situation put the authorities of the Republic of Moldova to the test. Thus, taking into account the effects of the refugee crisis in Ukraine, this paper consists in assessing national efforts in the context of the most efficient management of refugee flows seeking protection in the Republic of Moldova. This article aims to highlight the problem of the refugee crisis in Ukraine, the crisis conditioned by the Russo-Ukrainian war. The article also highlights the main issues regarding the granting by the Republic of Moldova of humanitarian aid to refugees from Ukraine, as well as respect for the rights of refugees in the Republic of Moldova.
Keywords: national security, rights of refugees, crisis, influx of foreigners, conflict in Ukraine.
UDC: 341.43(477+478)
JEL Code: J60, K37, K38
Pages: 48 - 59 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.04
Author: Elena VACULOVSCHI
Abstract: Focus group interviewing is a technique frequently used as a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of social issues. In this article, I propose to present the experience of conducting focus group interviews with children, carried out within the project Children left behind by labor migration: supporting Moldovan and Ukrainian transnational families in the European Union. In order to obtain better qualitative results, the research sought the free expression of the opinion of all respondents participating in the research. This aimed to highlight the various possible negative aspects related to the phenomenon of transnational families and children left without care whose parents are away working abroad. The guide for moderation of focus groups with children was structured in five modules. It included topics related to perception of migration and its impact on transnational families and children left without parental care, caring for the child after the parents leave, the changes that occur after the parents’ migration, existing social services in the community and future perspectives of children. Each module, the experience of conducting focus group interviews and the results of the opinion study of children left behind by labor force migration were presented and analyzed in depth in the article.
Keywords: focus groups, sociological researches, children, transnational families, labor migration.
UDC: 303.621.35-053.2:[316.356.2:331.556.46]
JEL Code: J61
Pages: 60 - 69 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.05
Author: Iulia IVAȘCENCO
Abstract: This paper examines the role of redundancy and robust supplier relationships in enhancing supply chain resilience, specifically focusing on the cosmetics industry. It explores strategic redundancy measures such as maintaining safety stock levels, diversifying transportation modes, strategic distribution center locations, and collaborating with backup suppliers. The study further discusses the importance of robust supplier relationships and details strategies to strengthen these relationships, including effective communication, collaborative planning, aligning goals, and fair and ethical treatment. To illustrate these concepts, the paper leverages case studies from global corporations, including Unilever, Estée Lauder, Toyota, Nike, Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, Apple, and Walmart. Conclusively, it provides future outlooks and actionable recommendations for enhancing resilience in the cosmetics industry's supply chain.
Keywords: supply chain management, antifragility, resilience, risk management, technology.
UDC: 687.5:005.552
JEL Code: O14, Q55, L25, D22.
Pages: 70 - 76 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.06
Author: Ecaterina ȘIȘCAN
Abstract: Economic higher education institutions in the country operate in an extremely complex and dynamic environment, characterized by demographic decline of the population, mass emigration of the younger population, high level of competition on the national and international markets, quantitative reduction in the demand for higher education services and the change of its structure, etc. The challenges from the external environment bring to the attention of university management the need to develop effective marketing strategies for the attraction and retention of students. The success of this approach largely depends on the awareness of potential students’ motivations for applying to a training program and the criteria for choosing the university. Understanding the expectations and preferences of potential customers allows the design and development of more relevant educational programs and services, the development of effective communication strategies, that help recruit and retain a sufficient number of students to achieve the educational and financial goals. In this vein, the present study aims to analyze the existing behavioral models to identify the determinants that influence the university selection process by potential students. At the same time, the paper presents the results of the survey carried out in order to identify the key factors used by Moldovan students in the process of choosing the training program and the economic education provider. This study is part of a complex descriptive research on the behavior of consumers of economic higher education services.
Keywords: higher education, economic education, educational marketing, students' behavior, students' choice
UDC: 378.4(478)
JEL Code: M31, M37, I23
Pages: 77 - 85 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.07
Authors: Dorin VACULOVSCHI, Raisa DOGARU
Abstract. The given article describes the trends of return migration, but also the situation of labour migrants returned to the Republic of Moldova, the factors that initially led to labour migration, and then to their return. The very process of migrants' return presents them with the same difficulties and challenges as in the case of their going to work abroad. Citizens returning home face a lack of jobs, impediments in the recognition of diplomas and qualifications obtained abroad, difficulties in the process of opening a business, etc. However, the state makes great efforts to stimulate the return of labour migrants, but also their (re)integration into society. However, according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), the right of citizens to return to their countries of origin is a right recognized and reaffirmed in other international normative acts, such as the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families (United Nations Convention, 1990).
Keywords: labor migration, return migrants, challenges of return migrants
UDC:314.745.4:331.526(478)
JEL Code: J6
Pages: 86 - 99 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.08
Authors: Natalia CURAGĂU, Rodica CUȘMĂUNSĂ
Abstract: Developments in accounting systems at national and international level are largely influenced by the interconnection of economies and the globalization of financial markets. There is a complex relationship between globalization processes and development indicators. All factors of globalization - financial cooperation, trade, investment, scientific and technological progress and migration - have socio-economic and environmental implications and influence policy design and implementation at national, regional and global levels. Important among these impacts are the limitation of state autonomy in policy-making and, consequently, the need for national policy-making to be more responsive to international obligations, commitments and imperatives. Achieving development goals requires strengthening global partnership. The purpose of the proposed investigation is based on the analysis of the historical migration of financial, material and human resources of groups of companies, which has led to the creation and strengthening of new market relationships, markets where groups of enterprises dominate, which by diversifying their activities are now able to generate impressive financial results. The research was based on methods and techniques for aggregating migrated capital by specifying the links between economic agents within the group, describing the essence of international capital migration, the causes of international capital migration of enterprise groups, etc. The authors, studying the processes of migration of capitals of entities, personnel of groups of companies at national and international level, established the forms of migration of capitals internationally, focusing on consolidated accounts and tax aspects in terms of problematic moments and put forward proposals for solutions in the context of globalization and migration of capitals and activities of groups of companies, demonstrating the influence of migration of capitals of entities within groups on the development of the world economy.
Keywords: migration of capital, investments, consolidation techniques, group of companies, equity capital, goodwill, minority interest, income, financial results.
UDC: 657.411:657.375.6
JEL Code: M16, M41
Pages: 100 - 118 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.09
Author: Adrian ANDRONIC
Abstract: This paper focuses on digital education in European primary schools, examining trends, challenges, and financing strategies. The study uses a combination of research methods, including the comparative method, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical data collection, and the monographic method. The paper identifies the current state of digital education in primary schools across Europe and highlights the challenges faced by educators and policymakers in implementing digital education initiatives. It analyzes the different financing strategies adopted by European countries and their effectiveness in promoting digital education in primary schools. The study finds that while many European countries have made significant progress in digital education, there are still challenges to be addressed, including infrastructure and connectivity issues, digital skills gaps, and funding constraints. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators to promote digital education in primary schools and ensure that all students have access to quality digital learning opportunities.
Keywords: digital education, primary schools, financing strategies.
UDC: 373.3.014.544:004.7(4)
JEL Code: O33, I22
Pages: 119 - 138 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.10
Author: Gabriela PRELIPCEAN, Paul-Panfil IVAN
Abstract: Being a complex and multi-criteria phenomenon, the international migration can have a lot of different meanings, which suppose different scopes and methods of estimating various data, depending on the hypotheses and research objectives pursued. In the last decade the mass-media also gave an increased importance to the phenomenon and in the era of fake news, it led to the fact that the magnitude of the phenomenon was often communicated differently from the real situation or the existing statistics. Even though there is a great diversity of data sources that could be used to estimate international migration flows, these are not directly oriented to measure migration, so great difficulties in terms of data comparability occur very often. In Romania the phenomenon of international migration has taken a large scale, the country being on the first places worldwide in terms of labor force exits to destination countries, but, practically, the Romanian authorities have very less information regarding the residence of Romanian citizens abroad and, implicitly, no data is collected regarding the real volume of the migration phenomenon. This paper aims to inventory the available data sources regarding international migration from Romania and, as much as possible, to propose solutions by which this phenomenon could be better quantified to support the development of effective migration policies. The research methodology consists in the theoretical analysis of data sources and indicators that measure the migration phenomenon in order to identify a possibility to quantify the volume of the migrant population by proposing a model that calculates the potential migrant workforce calculated as a difference between the labor resource and the employed population.
Keywords: labor force, potential migrant workforce, international migration, migration statistics, migration flows, migration policies.
UDC: 314.74:331.556.46(498)
JEL Code: F22, O15, J61
Pages: 139 - 152 | Full text (PDF)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.9-1.11
Author: Dorin VACULOVSCHI
Abstract: Labor migration processes from the Republic of Moldova have become an important factor in combating poverty and increasing the well-being of the population of the Republic of Moldova. Moreover, the economic growth registered by the Republic of Moldova during the last years is precisely due to the remittances of migrant workers. However, the migratory phenomenon in the Republic of Moldova also generates certain risks, such as human trafficking, accelerated demographic aging and the expansion of the number of transnational families, which also generates the problem of children left without parental care. As such, the phenomenon of transnational families is a global phenomenon, and various countries, through their policies, try to mitigate its negative effects.The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of labor migration on the expansion of the phenomenon of transnational families in the Republic of Moldova, as well as the situation of children left without care as a result of labor migration. The article comes with a series of conclusions and recommendations regarding the minimization of the negative effects of labor migration, as well as the development of social services necessary to prevent the phenomenon of children left without parental care as a result of labor migration.
Keywords: labor migration, transnational families, children left without care after migration
UDC: [331.556.46:316.356.2](478)
JEL Code: J62
Pages: 153 - 162 | Full text (PDF)